Towards in-situ quality control of conductive printable electronics: a review of possible pathways

Abstract Over the past decade, printed electronics (PE) has shown great potential for a wide range of industries, from consumer goods, electronics, aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, biomedical, to textiles and fashion. The rapid development printing technology been strongly driven by growth PE market its many applications. Here, we review latest trends in production quality control, focusing on emerging technologies such as terahertz spectroscopy, which may play key role smart manufacturing devices near future. We also provide comparison with conventional control or off-line measurements, four-point probe atomic force microscopy, optical etc.